英语中名词的用法相对于汉语而言还是比较复杂的。看英语小说，碰到：The baby took the mother’s hand with its hands,就知道孩子是用两只小手抓着妈妈的一只手。在英语里，有时数目字可以不出现，只用单复数来表示，也就清楚了。

汉语名词，除了“先生们”“同学们”之类，在大多数情况下不用复数。而英语名词的单复数则是变化多端，及其复杂，因此我们对英语名词的单复数不能不作深入的研究并养成使用习惯。

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：

friend→friends;

cat→cats;

style→styles;

sport→sports;

piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：

bus→buses;

quiz→quizzes;

fox→foxes;

match→matches;

flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：

candy→candies;

daisy→daisies;

fairy→fairies;

lady→ladies;

story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：

tomato→tomatoes;

potato→potatoes;

torpedo→torpedoes;

bingo→bingoes

反例：

silo→silos;

piano→pianos（外来词）;

photo→photos;

macro→macros（缩写词）

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：

knife→knives;

life→lives;

leaf→leaves;

staff→staves;

scarf→scarves

反例：

roof→roofs

六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

例：

fungus→fungi;

abacus→abaci;

focus→foci;

cactus→cacti;

cestus→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：

axis→axes;

basis→bases;

naris→nares;

hypothesis→hypotheses;

restis→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例：

matrix→matrices;

directrix→directrices;

calix→calices;

appendix→appendices

反例：

affix→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。

读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。

例：

forum→fora;

stadium→stadia;

aquarium→aquaria;

datum→data;

vacuum→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。

读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例：

larva→larvae;

formula→formulae;

ala→alae;

media→mediae;

hydra→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：

fish→fish;

sheep→sheep;

cattle→cattle;

deer→deer;

salmon→salmon

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。

读音变化：没有规律。

例：

man→men;

woman→women;

child→children;

person→people;

ox→oxen

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：

例：

ox→oxen;

child→children;

brother→brethren（同胞们，兄弟们）

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

例：

analysis→analyses分析;

basis→bases基础;

datum→data数据;

foot→feet;

formula→formulae/formulas公式;

goose→geese;

louse→lice虱子;

man→men

mouse→mice;

medium→media/mediums媒介;

memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;

parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号;

phenomenon→phenomena现象;

radius→radii 半径

tooth→teeth;

woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：

deer;

fish;

cannon;

sheep;

salmon 鲑鱼;

trout 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词

例：

abscence;

clothing;

film;

help;

furniture家具;

machinery机械;

news;

scenery风景;

sugar;

traffic交通

十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例：

bellows风箱;

clothes;

police;

shorts短裤;

scissors剪刀;

spectacles眼镜;

shears大剪刀

trousers长裤;

wages工资

十八、compoundnouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例：

daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇;

father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父

man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;

maid-servant→maid-servants

step-son→step-sons晚子;

son-in-law→sons-in-law

十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词

例：

pair(对，双);

suit(套);

a pair of glasses;

two pairs oftrousers

二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，

例：

goods货物，

waters水域，

fishes（各种）鱼

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例：

a dollar,

two dollars;

a meter,

two meters

以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：

heroes,

potatoes,

tomatoes,

echoes,

tornadoes,

torpedoes,

dominoes,

vetoes,

mosquitoes,

Negroes,

mangoes,

buffaloes,

volcanoes

但下面几类词只加s：

1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词

如:

videos,

radios,

studios,

folios,

oratorios,

embryos,

zoos,

bamboos,

kangaroos,

taboos

2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，

如：

pianos,

solos,

concertos,

tobaccos,

mottos,

cellos

3.一些缩写词和专有名词，

如：

kilos,

photos,

memos,

micros,

Eskimos,

Filipnos

有个别词加两种词尾都可以，

如：

archipelago(e)s,

halo(e)s,

cargoes(英），

cargos(美）

名词由单数变成复数的练习

写出下列名词复数

leaf______puppy_______box_______knife_______fly______

fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____kiss______

church______dish_____ ruler______peach________glass_____

pencil________boy______zoo______man______roof_______

sheep_______knife______lady______key______story______

watch______bamboo______city______family______day_____

apple_______eraser______speech______thief______mouse______

fish_____ goose____people______ox_____Chinese_______

deer_______foot______child_______tooth_______guy________

hero_______spy______boss_____monkey______ city ______

goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog______

用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：

1There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.

2There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.

3These _______(tomato) are red.

4______(hero) are great.

5My brother looks after two ______(baby)

6There are some ______(deer) eating thegrass.

7My father likes to eat _______(potato).

8Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.

9I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.

10I help my mother wash ______(dish) in thekitchen.

11I have two ______(pencil-box).

12There are some ______(bus)in the street.

13Peter has eight _____(foot).

14Linda has three _______(tooth).

15There are some ______(child) in the garden.

16Michael likes the ______(mouse).

17There are some ______(goose)in the river.

18My uncle and father are _____(man).

19Tom and King are _____(boy).

20Linda has three ______(tooth).

选出正确形式

1．I can see three ________ in the zoo.

A monkeys

B monkeys

C monkey

2.The pig has four ______.

A. foot

B. feet

C. foots

3.My two brothers are both ______.

A. policeman

B. policemans

C. policemen

4.There are four ___________ in the class.

A. Japanese

B. Japaneses

C. Japan

5.I can see ten _____ in the picture.

A. sheep B. dog C. pig

6.The _____ has three______.

A. boys, watches

B. boy, watch

C. boy, watches

7.C an you see _______on the plate?

A.bread

B.breads

C.breades

8.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.

A. tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

9.Mr Black often drink some _________.

A. milk

B. milks

C.milkes

10.There are some _____ on the floor.

A. child

B. water

C. books

11. _______ will learn English.

A. Woman

B. Women

C. Man

12.Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers.

A. photo

B. photos

C. photoes

13. I drank two ______.

A. bottles of orange

B. bottle of orange

C. bottles of oranges

14.The cat eats two ______ last night.

A. mouses

B. mice

C. mouse

15.I need a pen and some _____.

A.books

B.desk

C.chair

16 Jim was late for two classes this morning.He said that he forgot both of the ______.

A. rooms number

B. Room number

C. Room’s number

D. Room numbers

17. The newly-built library is a ______ building.

A. five-storey

B. five storeys

C. five-storey’s

D. five storeys’

18. --- Whose umbrella is it?--- It’s _______.

A. somebody else’s

B. Somebody else

C. Somebody’s else’s

D. Somebody’s else

19. I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?

A. temperature of room

B. Room’s temperature

C. Room temperature

D. Temperature of room’s

20. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.

A. The Evens

B. The Evens’

C. The Evenses

D. The Evenses’

21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.

A. Mary’s sister

B. Mary sister’s

C. Mary’s sister’s

D. sister of Mary’s

22. The woman over there is ______ mother.

A. Julia and Shelley’s

B. Julia’s and Shelley’s

C. Julia and Shelley

D. Julia’s andShelley

23. He is very tired. He needs ______.

A. a night rest

B. a rest night

C. a night’s rest

D. a rest of night

24． ---Excuse me，where are _______ offices?---Over there．

A． teacher’s

B． teachers’

C． the teacher’s

D． the teachers’

25． Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowersfor our teachers.

A. Teacher

B. Teachers’

C. the Teachers’

D. Teacher’s

注：名词的格

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